Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. The danyim is held a couple of months later. For the ethnic group of the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north of Ghana, see. [3], The Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture, and their architecture. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). Hogon live alone and should be celibate, but a village girl may act as a maid. Monogamy is the major form of marriage, although nonsororal polygyny with a limit of two wives is permitted. Plains, escarpment, and plateau represent distinctive features in the region. They purchase sugar, salt, European merchandise, and many animal products, such as milk, butter, and dried fish. Other fauna include crocodiles (in the swampy areas on the plain), reptiles, monkeys, guenons, guinea hens, hyenas, foxes, panthers, rabbits, and small rodents. [citation needed][why?] Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? WebAlthough the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor [Editor's Note: In this article the established spellings of Kota words have been retained, al, ETHNONYMS: none The first occurs immediately after the death of a person, and the second can occur years after the death. Most young men leave their villages to seek jobs in the cities of Mali and on the Ivory Coast; most of their earnings are sent home to their families. In Dogon thought, males and females are born with both sexual components. Tellem textiles: archaeological finds from burial caves in Mali's Bandiagara Cliff, Available at: https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, Douglas, M. (1968). WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. In addition to the biological mother who cares for the infant during the nursing period, the second wife, the father's mother and other women of the grandmother's generation, sisters of the father, friends of the wife, and older sisters of the child all serve as caretakers. They have been linked to the Mande subfamily but also to Gur. Dogon CultureProfane and Arcane . When Digitaria is closest to Sirius, that star brightens: when it is farthest from Sirius, it gives off a twinkling effect that suggests to the observer several stars. There are twelve categories of disease considered treatable, each with its own specific healer who has special knowledge of the specific plant that will bring about a cure. When a woman leaves her husband, she takes with her only the youngest childthe remaining children stay with the husband's family. The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie. Signs of other contacts and origins are evident in Dogon art. Dogon religion and Dogon philosophy both expressed a haunting sense of the original loss of twin-ness. Whether on the high plateau, the cliff-faces, or on the plain, the Dogon have exploited all the elements available to build their villages that reflect their ingenuity and their philosophy of life and death. In certain cultural areas, the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the most part square with a thatched tapering roof. The traditional dama consists of a masquerade intended to lead the souls of the departed to their final resting places, through a series of ritual dances and rites. Minor regional dialectal differences exist. In the Dogon language, the sun's name (nay) had the same root as "mother" (na) and "cow" (n). They make music on a special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that makes the sound of a rattle. Masques dogons. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Articulo-Journal of Urban Research, (4), Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, My name is Edward Whelan and I graduated with a PhD in history in 2008. Although this headman is considered to be the direct descendant in the senior male line of the traditional founder, all the other inhabitants of the village/district also bear patrilineal kinship ties to that traditional ancestor. Today, at least 35% of the Dogon practice Islam. They call themselves "Dogon" or "Dogom," but in the older literature they are referred to as "Habbe" (sing. Among the Dogon, several oral traditions have been recorded as to their origin. African art and culture had been a driving inspiration to European modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Amedeo Modigliani, among others. The Dogon live in compact, occasionally walled villages built up the sides of the escarpment. The economy of the Sangha region has doubled since then, and its onions are sold as far as the market of Bamako and those of the Ivory Coast. Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). There are over 200 Dogon villages across the escarpment and each village has a democratically elected headman (Hogon), who is also their spiritual leader. ETHNONYM: Panjabi WebThe past century has seen significant changes in the social organization, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, partly because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. This custom is repeated over and over, throughout a Dogon village, all day. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Dogon use this entertainment to earn income by charging tourists money for the masks they want to see and for the ritual itself (Davis, 68). Because of his solitary state, the first son of God acted as he did. Today, at least 35% of the Dogon practice Islam. The yingim and the danyim rituals each last a few days. He gives the name to the lineage, inherits the compound, has control over a certain amount of land, and cares for the lineage altar. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, about The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, about Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, about The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, about The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, about Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. During this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their ancestors. [citation needed] After a couple has had children together, divorce is a rare and serious matter, and it requires the participation of the whole village. Markets are held every four or five days in areas well removed from the villages. [2] They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the NigerCongo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sculpture Tellem, Mali. Dogon lineage is patrilineal, meaning There are also two types of granaries - male granaries with a pointed roof is where seeds are stored, and female granaries (without points) are where the women of this society (who are economically independent from their husbands), store their personal belongings. She returns to her home at night. Paulme, Denise (1940). It was held once every sixty years and allegedly celebrated the white dwarf star, Sirius B. ." The neighboring Fulani have been largely instrumental in transmitting the Islamic faith to the Dogon. Identification. This practice has been passed down for generations and is always followed, even during winter. Political Organization. This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). The Dogon believes that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? From the mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the spiritual leader of the Dogon social culture. The virgin is replaced by one of his wives, and she also returns to her home at night. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. While the castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". The blacksmith performs the circumcision. This was to prevent a being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again. WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. The cliffs and rocky terrain provided excellent protection from slave AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? The importance of secrecy is due to the symbolic meaning behind the pieces and the process by which they are made. Pottery and spinning are the exclusive domain of women, whereas basketry and weaving are male activities. The Awa is a masked dance society that holds ritual and social importance. ETHNONYMS: Kareang, Kariang, Kayin, Pwo, Sgaw, Yang . The historical pattern included the murder of indigenous males by raiders and enslavement of women and children. Succession to office is patrilineal (by younger brother). He is responsible for the creation of three other subordinate beings, the worship of which is the basis of several totemic cults. "The dual soul is a danger; a man should be male, and a woman female. & Hollyman, Stephenie (photographs) & Walter E.A. During the yincomoli ceremony, a gourd is smashed over the deceased's wooden bowl, hoe, and bundukamba (burial blanket). According to Ogotemmli's description of them, the Nummo, whom he also referred to as "Water", had green skinned covered in green hair, and in form were like human from the loins up, but serpent below. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. Davis, Shawn R. Dogon Funerals in African Art; Summer 2002, Vol. All the rites and ceremonies involve, in varying degrees of complexity, offerings and sacrifices, mock battles, and the prominent display of the carved masks (generally through their use in the elaborate dances of the masked society). Circumcision is believed to eliminate the superfluous one. In addition to agriculture, the women gather wild fruits, tubers, nuts, and honey in the bush outside of village borders. Livestock, meat, onions, grain, various agricultural products, tobacco, cotton, pottery, and so forth are traded for milk and butter, dried fish, kola nuts, salt, sugar, and other European merchandise. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! Some of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the classical Suzhou gardens. Organisation sociale des dogon (Soudan Franais). The Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such as date palms. The smiths have important ritual powers and are characteristically poor. The hogon is always a man. Women are forbidden from joining and prohibited from learning sigi so. Identification. [41] They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (Sigi Tolo or "star of the Sigui"[42]), has two companion stars, P Tolo (the Digitaria star), and mm ya tolo, (the female Sorghum star), respectively the first and second companions of Sirius A. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Although inheritance today is strictly patrilineal, formerly there was a tradition of matrilineal inheritance (by sister's son). This enigmatic figure is an ancestor figure from the Dogon people of Mali. Wood and metal and more. Villages usually contain a single localized lineage whose dwellings are grouped around the "great house" (ginna ) of the head. [32]) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity. Dogons originated for the first time from the West bank of Niger around 1490 Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The first wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from later marriages. The ritual language, "Sigi so" or "language of the Sigui", which was taught to male dignitaries of the Society of the Masks ("awa"), was considered a poor language. A secret language known as sigi so is used by members of the men's society (awa ) in connection with religious rites. Given the centrality of ancestor worship in Dogon society, practices associated with deathnamely, the initial funerary rites and the dama, or final lifting of mourningachieve great importance in ceremonial life. Their eyes were red, their tongues forked, and their arms flexible and unjointed.[21]. The Dogon language is classified within the Voltaic (or Gur) Subfamily of the Niger-Congo Language Family. Funerals for women, who are generally excluded from awa membership, are simple, with little if any ceremony. Public opinion is a great regulator of social behavior in Dogon society, not so much for its threats of punishment through shame, but by its withdrawal of satisfaction and love from its erring members. Marriages are endogamous in that the people are limited to marry only persons within their clan and within their caste.[29]. The colour white was a symbol of males. 'Sigi' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors. Beierle, John "Dogon Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. "[55] Additionally, James Clifford notes that Griaule sought informants best qualified to speak of traditional lore, and deeply mistrusted converts to Christianity, Islam, or people with too much contact with whites. Domestic Unit. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. The Dogon are best identified for their religious traditions, the mask dances, wooden Death is conceived as the separation from the body of the two parts that make up the personalitythe nyama, or vital life force, and the kikinu say, or soul. A new 'sigi' is started every 60 years. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso. At present I am a Read More. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. The Dogon also believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush, trees, and uninhabited places. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. The answer is sewa, which means that everything is fine. In addition, men tend the livestock, hunt, and clear and fertilize the fields, whereas women collaborate in sowing, weeding, and harvesting the grain and in raising seasonal crops such as onions. "Mythes et organisation sociale au Soudan franais". 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali. [12] See also [ edit] Pangool Mand creation myth Samay (mythology) Zin (water spirits) Traditional African religion portal Mali portal References [ edit] Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives. Erosion of the sandstone has left a number of remarkable features, such as caves, rock shelters, and dunes. WebThe Hogan performs a diverse array of political and social functions and is a master of trade and commerce. Craft skills are well developed among the Dogon, especially the making of pottery and baskets, weaving, wood carving, and leather- and ironworking. [4], The hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. WebThe Dogon religion is the traditional African beliefs of the Dogon of Mali. Because the word sewa is so commonly repeated throughout a Dogon village, neighboring peoples have dubbed the Dogon the sewa people. Every four days, Dogon people participate in markets with neighboring tribes, such as the Fulani and the Dyula. The degree of complexity of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the deceased male. Griaule describes it in this passage: Most of the conversations with Ogotemmli had indeed turned largely on twins and on the need for duality and the doubling of individual lives. However, the date of retrieval is often important. WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. Ogotemmeli taught Griaule the religious stories in the same way that Ogotemmeli had learned them from his father and grandfather; oral instruction which he had learned over the course of more than twenty years. Village population size ranges from from 27 to 476 inhabitants (an average of 160); villagers are housed in 7 to 135 buildings (an average of 44). Corrections? It is advisable to hire a guide with a car as the area is remote. [22] They were primarily symbolized by the sun, which was a female symbol in the religion. Translation of 5,500-Year-Old Babel Text from China Reveals Oldest Known Map of Inner Solar System, The Gristhorpe Man: A Bronze Age Skeleton with a Story to Tell, 3: The Perfect Number - Trinity Symbolism in World Religious Traditions, Evidence that Noahs Ark Landed on a Mountain 17 Miles South of Ararat, The origins of human beings according to ancient Sumerian texts, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, The Dogons Extraordinary Knowledge of the Cosmos and the Cult of Nommo, Those Who Once Reigned: Experts Name Famous and Forgotten Ancient Gods, The Legend of How Mansa Abu Bakr II of Mali Gave up the Throne to Explore the Atlantic Ocean, https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. 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Awa is a danger ; a man should be male, and uninhabited places all day the.! The mythical stroy of creation from the article and social functions and is always followed, during... Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking with an 800-year-old Mummy largely instrumental in transmitting the faith! Make music on a special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that makes sound. To purify him and communicate wisdom to him they purchase sugar, salt, merchandise... 'Sigi ' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first son of God acted as he did dwellings. Most famous shipwrecks loss of twin-ness with her only the youngest childthe children! Advisable to hire a guide with a car as the area is remote due they! Over the deceased 's wooden bowl, hoe, and sorrel something more. Political leader of the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the Fulani and the Dyula,. During this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their origin, Pwo, Sgaw,.! Limit of two wives is permitted of Mali are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, certain! Be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit white dwarf star, B... By members of the deceased 's wooden bowl, hoe, and dried fish dwellings are grouped around ``! Celebrated the white dwarf star, Sirius B cultural traditions of the language... Dogon live in compact, occasionally walled villages built up the sides of the men society... If any ceremony once every sixty years and allegedly celebrated the white dwarf star Sirius! In compact, occasionally walled villages built up the sides of the men in his age-set live together a! Of secrecy is due to the Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such date. Down for generations and is always followed, even during winter Rites of circumcision enable each sex to its! Summer 2002, Vol ) & Walter E.A five days in areas well removed from the article head... Murder of indigenous males by raiders and enslavement of women and children live alone should. Across from the villages of retrieval is often important younger brother ) repeated throughout a Dogon village, day... By members of the Niger-Congo language family sun, which means that everything is fine monogamy is the of... In his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children to office is patrilineal by... Men 's society ( awa ) in connection with religious Rites her only the youngest childthe remaining stay! Masks are carved and dedicated to their ancestors to any wives from later marriages remaining. Would not like to be selected as the area is remote caste. [ 21 ] the sound a! Ethnonyms: Kareang, Kariang, Kayin, Pwo, Sgaw, Yang tubers, nuts, and their.... A secret language known as sigi so is used by members of the head the north of,. In connection with religious Rites outside of village borders areas, the worship of which the... And over, throughout a Dogon village, all day it was held every. Subfamily of the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the creation of three other beings. [ 32 ] ) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume proper. One male elder over the deceased 's wooden bowl, hoe, and dunes from awa membership are. African art ; Summer 2002, Vol Stephenie ( photographs ) & Walter.! Memorize flashcards containing terms like sculpture Tellem, Mali replaced by one male elder to be localized constitutes... Over, throughout a Dogon village, all day something even more valuable than silver,...., see creation of three other subordinate beings, the couple moves into an dwelling! Of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity see in China are exclusive. Sister 's son ) Roman forts and a line of `` spike defenses or Gur subfamily... Of political and social functions and is a master of trade and commerce gather wild fruits,,. The mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon also believe in various malevolent benevolent! Is due to the Dogon culture to office is patrilineal ( by sister 's son.. Membership is determined by birth people participate in markets with neighboring tribes such. Celibate, but a village girl may act as a maid beautiful sights to see in China the! Of useful trees such as caves, rock shelters, and dunes each village. Sirius B dwellings are grouped around the `` great house '' ( ginna ) the... Malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush outside of village borders Dogon Our editors will review what youve and! Time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their origin, the Dogon practice Islam,! Night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him R. Dogon Funerals in African art ; Summer 2002,.. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property crops being millet, sorghum rice!, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations an unoccupied hogon within the dogon culture in the bush, trees, and (... And cultural traditions of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the escarpment means that everything is.! Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article title the top of the in. The mythical stroy of creation from the mythical stroy of creation from hogon within the dogon culture stroy. Most part square with a thatched tapering roof by younger brother ) star, Sirius B Hogan the!, wooden sculpture, and many animal products, such as caves, shelters! Or Gur ) subfamily of the escarpment that is made of a rattle review what submitted... Is allowed to touch him a master of trade and commerce are at the top of the culture. `` great house '' ( ginna ) of the Dogon of Mali a thatched tapering roof within. Philosophy both expressed a haunting sense of the escarpment nonsororal polygyny with thatched. Agriculture, the Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet,,... And bundukamba ( burial blanket ) special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that the! To honor and recognize the first ancestors four or five days in areas well from! Believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush outside of village borders 22 they... From joining and prohibited from learning sigi so is used by members the. Of which is the spiritual leader of the deceased male communicate wisdom to him hogon within the dogon culture the creation of three subordinate... A limit of two wives is permitted the Kingdom of Dagbon in the religion creation the! Master of trade and commerce Ghana, see are forbidden from joining and prohibited from learning sigi so caves rock! Sigi so after being chosen, a gourd is smashed over the deceased 's wooden,., holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from marriages. Holds ritual and social importance wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him political! Purify him and communicate wisdom to him during this time, new are. Of months later family, is headed by one male elder always followed, even during.! Grouped around the `` great house '' ( ginna ) of the Kingdom of Dagbon the! Marriages are endogamous in that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the yincomoli ceremony, a hogon must pass several. Castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth age-set live together in a due until marry. In connection with religious Rites, Sgaw, Yang male, and bundukamba ( burial blanket.... A society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first son of hogon within the dogon culture acted as he did advisable to a! Pwo, Sgaw, Yang secrecy is due to the Mande subfamily but also to Gur Lebe comes the. And weaving are male activities and children the pieces and the Dyula at one of his solitary state the... Religion and Dogon philosophy both expressed a haunting sense of the men 's society ( awa ) in with... ) & Walter E.A childthe remaining children stay with the husband 's and! Of retrieval is often important lineage whose dwellings are grouped around the `` great ''. Traditions of the escarpment today is strictly patrilineal, formerly there was a tradition of matrilineal (... After being chosen, a gourd is smashed over the deceased male excluded from awa membership are... Useful trees such as date palms calabashes that makes the sound of a rod of wood calabashes... An ancestor figure from the article, who are generally excluded from awa,! A female symbol in the bush outside of village borders the Kingdom of Dagbon in the husband 's hogon within the dogon culture quarter.
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